Planning guide
OSHA Toilet Requirements for Construction Sites
What OSHA 29 CFR 1926.51 requires on a construction site, how to count toilets for your crew, and where the legal minimum ends and good practice begins.
What does OSHA Table D-1 require?
OSHA 29 CFR 1926.51(c) Table D-1 requires 1 toilet for 20 or fewer workers. For 20 or more workers, OSHA requires 1 toilet seat and 1 urinal per 40 workers. For 200 or more workers, OSHA requires 1 toilet seat and 1 urinal per 50 workers.
| Workers | Minimum facilities |
|---|---|
| 20 or fewer | 1 |
| 20 or more | 1 toilet seat and 1 urinal per 40 workers |
| 200 or more | 1 toilet seat and 1 urinal per 50 workers |
Source: OSHA 1926.51. This is general information, not legal advice.
Does OSHA require handwashing on jobsites?
OSHA 1926.51(f) requires washing facilities that are near the work and kept clean, with soap and towels, when workers handle paints, coatings, herbicides or other harmful materials. Lead work has stricter handwashing rules. Many general contractors require a hand wash station on every site.
See hand wash stations.
Mobile crews and farms
OSHA exempts mobile crews from the toilet rule when they have quick transportation to nearby toilets. Farms follow 29 CFR 1928.110: 1 toilet and 1 handwashing facility for every 20 field workers, within a quarter-mile walk, once 11 or more workers are on site.
Source: OSHA 1928.110.
Legal minimum versus what works
The OSHA minimum lets 20 workers share 1 toilet. In practice, a unit serviced weekly fills before the week ends with more than about 10 users. We recommend 1 unit per 10 workers with weekly service, or twice-weekly service when crews are larger.
Get counts in the calculator or book jobsite units.
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